[ḥeleḳ 1]. Al hilkhot meḳaḥ ṭaʻut, onaʼah u-matanah, Ḥ m. 227-249 -- ḥeleḳ 2. ʻAl Hilkhot avedah u-metsiʼah, hefḳer, periḳah u-ṭeʻinah, genevah u-gezelah, Ḥ. m. 259-275, 348-377.

IntroductionThe stressful pre-operative period exerts a profound impact on psychological, physiological and immunological outcomes. Oncological surgeries, in particular, elicit significantly higher stress responses than most other surgeries. Managing these responses through psychological interventions may improve long-term outcomes. The purpose of the current research was to review studies that have explored pre-operative psychological interventions in cancer patients in order to map the types of current interventions and provide an initial assessment of whether these interventions improved psychological, physiological, and/or immunological indices as (...) well as long-term cancer outcomes.MethodsA systematic literature search for studies that included pre-operative psychological interventions in oncology patients was conducted, using the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included studies pertaining to oncological surgery in adults, study designs that included a clearly defined pre-operative psychological intervention and control group.ResultsWe found 44 studies, each using one of the following interventions: psychoeducation, cognitive interventions, relaxation techniques, integrated approaches. All the studies reported improved immediate post-operative psychological, physiological, and/or immunological outcomes. Only a few studies addressed long-term cancer outcomes, and only one reported improved survival.ConclusionsResearch on pre-operative interventions with cancer patients is missing systematic methods. Studies provide varying results, which makes it difficult to compare them and reach reliable conclusions. There is considerable heterogeneity in the literature regarding the specific intervention used, the timing of intervention, the characteristics of the patients studied and the outcome measures. In order to improve research in this field, including the measurement of long-term outcomes, we suggest some steps that should be taken in further research. (shrink)

דון יצחק אברבנאל (1508-1437), 'ספרא וסייפא' היה מגדולי חכמי ספרד בדור הגירוש. לבד מהיותו תלמיד חכם מופלג, חריף ובקיא בתורת ישראל לתחומיה, היה בן-בית בפילוסופיה ובמדע. אברבנאל נודע גם כמדינאי, ושימש בתפקיד שר האוצר בממשלותיהם של כמה ממלכי אירופה וביניהן ממלכות ספרד ופורטוגל. אברבנאל חיבר עשרות ספרי הגות, אך גולת הכותרת של כתביו היא ביאורו ל'מורה נבוכים' של הרמב"ם, החיבור הפילוסופי החשוב ביותר בעולמה של יהדות ימי הביניים, אשר חולל מהפכה ועמד במוקד של פולמוסים וסערות.

Three plausible views—Presentism, Truthmaking, and Independence—form an inconsistent triad. By Presentism, all being is present being. By Truthmaking, all truth supervenes on, and is explained in terms of, being. By Independence, some past truths do not supervene on, or are not explained in terms of, present being. We survey and assess some responses to this.

1. Pereḳ Yetsiʼot ha-Shabat u-fereḳ Kirah.